Author: Yaman Şener

The Utilitarians, a school of thought that dominated British philosophy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, represent a direct continuation of Locke's empirical tradition.

Karl Marx (1818-1883) stands as one of the most intellectually formidable and historically consequential figures of the nineteenth century, widely regarded as the architect of scientific socialism.

Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was a leading French philosopher of the early twentieth century, whose work profoundly influenced figures like William James and Alfred North Whitehead.

William James (1842-1910), a towering figure in American thought, was primarily a psychologist who made profound contributions to philosophy, particularly through his doctrines of "radical empiricism" and "pragmatism.

John Dewey (1859-1952), widely acknowledged as America's leading philosopher of his time, exerted a profound influence not only on philosophy but also on education, aesthetics, and political theory.

John Locke (1632-1704) stands as the intellectual apostle of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, a pivotal event in English history that established a more moderate and successful form of parliamentary democracy.

John Locke's (1632-1704) two Treatises on Government, particularly the second, stand as foundational texts in the history of political ideas, providing the philosophical bedrock for modern liberalism.

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) stands as a unique and often unsettling figure in the history of philosophy, distinguished by his profound pessimism and his revolutionary doctrine of the primacy of Will.

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) stands as a profoundly influential and controversial figure in modern philosophy, rightly regarding himself as the successor to Schopenhauer, yet surpassing him in the coherence and radicalism of his doctrines.

Baruch Spinoza (1634-1677) stands as one of the most intellectually profound and ethically admirable figures in the history of philosophy.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) stands as one of history's supreme intellects, a polymath whose contributions spanned philosophy, mathematics, and science.

The rise of liberalism in politics and philosophy provides a compelling case study of the reciprocal influence between ideas and socio-political circumstances.

Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a prominent English statesman and philosopher, holds a permanent place in the history of thought as the founder of modern inductive method and a pioneer in the systematic organization of scientific procedure.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), a profound English philosopher, stands as one of the most influential figures in political theory, renowned for his uncompromising advocacy of absolute sovereignty.