Philosophy

Socrates (c.

Aristotle's Physics and his treatise On the Heavens profoundly shaped scientific thought for over two millennia, dominating Western understanding of the natural world until the time of Galileo.

Aristotle's Physics and his treatise On the Heavens profoundly shaped scientific thought for over two millennia, dominating Western understanding of the natural world until the time of Galileo.

The Hellenistic period, following Alexander's conquests, saw the rise of philosophical schools that offered new answers to the challenges of a chaotic world.

The Hellenistic period, a time of widespread uncertainty and social upheaval, gave rise to two dominant philosophical schools: Stoicism and Epicureanism.

Plato, arguably the most influential philosopher in Western history, built his entire philosophical edifice on a fundamental distinction: the separation of reality from appearance.

The founders of atomism, Leucippus and Democritus, represent a remarkable intellectual leap in ancient Greek philosophy, establishing a view of the world strikingly similar to modern science.

In the latter half of the fifth century B.

Socrates (c.

To truly understand Plato's political philosophy and its enduring influence, one must first grasp the profound impact of Sparta, both in its historical reality and its powerful myth.

In stark contrast to Heraclitus's doctrine of perpetual flux, Parmenides of Elea, flourishing in the first half of the fifth century B.

Empedocles, a citizen of Acragas in Sicily who flourished around 440 B.

The sudden ascent of Athens to become the cultural and intellectual powerhouse of ancient Greece is one of history's most astonishing transformations.

Anaxagoras, an Ionian philosopher born around 500 B.

The sudden and remarkable rise of civilization in Ancient Greece remains one of history's most astonishing phenomena.